Factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis and antifungal susceptibility patterns among nonpregnant women attending the gynecology clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 75% of women experience vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) at least once during their lifetime. Candida normally exists as a harmless commensal in the vaginal epithelial tissues of hosts, but various factors, such as antibiotics, diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, prior vaginal infections, and age, can render it pathogenic. The factors associated with VVC exhibit regional variations influenced by sociodemographic characteristics and other elements. In Uganda, there is increasing resistance to conventional antifungal drugs (fluconazole and itraconazole) among pregnant women infected with non-Albicans species. This research delves into the prevalence, associated factors, and antifungal sensitivity patterns of VVC among 278 women who sought care at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional design involving 288 nonpregnant women was employed, and questionnaires and laboratory analyses were used. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results This research revealed a prevalence of VVC of 27.70%, revealing significant associations between VVC and age, HIV status, hormonal contraceptive use, and prior VVC occurrence. The antifungal sensitivity patterns highlighted the necessity for tailored treatment strategies based on local resistance profiles. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of VVC. Patients aged between 21 and 34 years, HIV-positive patients, and those with previous episodes of VVC were the most affected. On the other hand, Candida species were more sensitive to amphotericin B but less sensitive to miconazole and griseofulvin.