Incidence, Mortality, Risk factors and Trend analysis of gliomas

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Glioma is a rare and highly malignant tumor that affects the nervous system. While studies have been conducted on the occurrence and survival rates of glioma patients, there is currently a lack of comprehensive and large population research focusing on long-term trends in glioma incidence, survival rates, and associated risk factors. Methods Data for 30,209 patients with glioma was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from eight registries between 1975 and 2014. By analyzing Kaplan-Meier curves, we assessed the survival differences between sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) over a 40-year period. Additionally, Cox regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of various risk factors, including age, race, income, grade, tumor site, surgery, tumor size, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) with or without on glioma survival. Results Our study found that the incidence and number of glioma cases are on the rise. The incidence rates per decade from 1975 to 2014 were 2.6/100,000, 3.3/100,000, 4.0/100,000, 4.2/100,000, and 4443, 6441, 8893, and 10432, respectively. Besides, the 10-year relative survival rates (RSRs) for glioma were 23.19%, 30.80%, 34.67%, and 38.38%, respectively. In addition, the median survival per decade was 9, 10, and 9 months from 1975 to 2004, compared with 13 months from 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed that advanced age, race, low household income, high-grade (poorly differentiated and undifferentiated), bilateral tumor occupying lesions, large tumor diameter, and failure to receive surgery/chemotherapy/radiation/PORT are risk factors for glioma. Conclusion The results of this study indicate a rising incidence of glioma cases. While there have been improvements in survival rates over time, it is crucial to acknowledge that long-term survival rates for glioma patients remain relatively low. Taken together, our study highlights the need for further in-depth research to improve treatment strategies.