In Vivo Evaluation of Pithecellobium dulce Leaves Anti-bacterial and Antihyperlipidaemic Activities

Abstract

Abstract The natural origin and reduced side effects of medicinal plants have recently enhanced their popularity in both developed and developing nations. Pithecellobium dulce (P. dulce), an evergreen blooming spiky plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, with a number of therapeutic uses. P. dulce has medicinal qualities, such as antidiabetic, abortifacient, locomotor, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, and antioxidative ones. Unknown is P. dulce's ability to treat rats with hyperlipidaemia brought on by dexamethasone. In this article, we demonstrate how ethanolic leaf extract contains phytonutrients, has antibacterial action against Salmonella species, and has antihyperlipidemic activity against rats that have been given dexamethasone to cause hyperlipidaemia. Leaf extracts from P. dulce contain phytonutrients like phenols, flavonoids, and phytosterols. With increasing doses of the extract combined with the usual reference medicine atorvastatin, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased (VLDL-C). When compared to the antihyperlipidemic control, the extract was found to have dramatically enhanced HDL-C (70.78%), significantly decreased TC (47.03%), TG (47.51%), LDL-C (41.69%), and VLDL-C (48.00%). In contrast to Escherichia coli ATCC25922, which had the lowest inhibition zones, the 50mg/ml extract on Salmonella ATCC14028 had the largest inhibition zone on all examined organisms. P. dulce has demonstrated phytonutrients, antibacterial effectiveness, and antihyperlipidemic action in ethanolic leaf extract. Our research thus supports the use of P. dulce as a potential candidate in the search for naturally occurring antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic chemicals.