The association of multimorbidity of metabolic syndrome and depression on type 2 diabetes: A general population cohort study in Southwest China

Abstract

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and depression are independently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. However, little is known about the combined effect of MetS and depression on the risk of T2DM. The present study aims to prospectively explore the effect of MetS together with depression on T2DM susceptibility among Chinese general population. Methods 6489 general population without T2DM of adults in Southwest China were recruited from 2010 to 2012. Depression and MetS were prospectively assessed by using 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes during 2017–2020, respectively. Modified Poisson regression models were conducted to estimate risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals for independent and combined associations of MetS and depression with incidence of T2DM. Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 678 cases of T2DM were documented. Individuals with MetS were 1.03–1.71 times more likely to develop T2DM compared with those without MetS. The corresponding RR for depression with no depression was 1.22–1.72. Notably, compared with no MetS and depression, the multivariate-adjusted RR for combined effect of MetS and depression on risk of T2DM was 2.11(1.39–3.22). Moreover, an increased risk of T2DM were more apparent in those who were over 60 years, males, and overweight population. Conclusions Individuals with multimorbidity of MetS and depression are at a higher risk of T2DM compared with those who with no MetS and depression.