Cervical Cancer Prevention in Iran: A policy Brief on Challenges and Evidence-Based Recommendations

Abstract

Abstract Objective: Based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer is increasing globally, especially in low and middle-income countries. Hence, developing a policy brief for meaningful formulation and successful implementation for prevention and control of cancer programs can guide policymakers. Methods: This policy brief drew from a Ph.D. thesis on policy analysis of cervical cancer prevention in Iran. In this qualitative study, first a systematic review was conducted to compare the economic impact of combined strategies versus testing alone for cervical cancer screening worldwide. Next, a qualitative analysis of cervical cancer prevention and early detection was accomplished from July 2020 to September 2021, in Iran. Finally, to achieve the most important challenges, some solutions were recommended following the participants’ statements and review study. Results: Compared with cytology-based screening tests or Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid, Human papillomavirus infection testing, alone or combined with other tests, has been reported as a cost-effective cervical cancer screening strategy worldwide, especially in high-income settings. In Iran, the low coverage of cervical cancer screening; inadequate knowledge, awareness and education on cervical cancer, and the economic problems of implementing new cervical cancer prevention strategies were all identified as the main challenges in Iran. Conclusions: It is recommended to improve the purchasing power for vaccine procurement programs through coordinated action across global partners, i.e., Word Health Organization, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (Gavi), the Global Fund to Fight Aids, TB & Malaria, the Union for International Cancer Control, and the World Bank, in addition to collaboration with the private sector manufacturers of vaccines, diagnostics, and treatment equipment. Moreover, using educational models of health promotion can be helpful to increase public knowledge and awareness on cervical cancer prevention.