Abstract
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationships between human activities, air quality dynamics, and the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in seven major cities of Rajasthan, India - Ajmer, Alwar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Pali, and Udaipur. The study meticulously examines the fluctuations in concentrations of key pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2) from 2018 to 2022, covering pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown phases. Significant reductions in air pollutant concentrations were observed during the lockdown period, attributed to decreased anthropogenic activities, notably vehicular emissions and industrial operations. However, post-lockdown, a rebound effect was observed, indicating the challenges in sustaining air quality improvements amid economic resurgence. Notable findings include substantial declines in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 levels during the lockdown, followed by increases to varying degrees post-lockdown. The cities of Ajmer, Alwar, and Jaipur demonstrated divergent trends in pollutant concentrations, emphasizing the complex interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on air quality management by providing insights into the impacts of temporary interventions, such as lockdowns, on urban air quality dynamics. The findings underscore the need for holistic approaches integrating environmental policies, industrial regulations, and public health initiatives to mitigate air pollution’s adverse effects and safeguard public health and environmental well-being in urban regions.