A qualitative survey to explore dietary changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding in rural community in Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.

Abstract

Abstract Background Pregnancy and breastfeeding periods have linked to some dietary modification that can potentially impact maternal and offspring health. Therefore, maternal nutrition during these periods is essential. The objective of this study was to assess dietary changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the reasons behind these changes. Methods The study adopted a qualitative approach by submitting a questionnaire to 140 breastfeeding and 45 pregnant women to investigate dietary intake and any changes during these stages. The survey was conducted in 8 villages in rural areas, with groups of women farmers, on a voluntary basis. Data analysis was done manually using the thematic framework analysis method. Results 62% of women reported having reduced or eliminated their intake of at least one food group (cereals, starchy roots, tubers, or nuts) during pregnancy. The reasons of these changes were gastrointestinal issues. 92% increased their intake of at least one food group (cereals, starchy roots, tubers, or eggs) to satisfy cravings during pregnancy. 42% of breastfeeding women eliminated fruits like mango and cashew apple from their diet. This reduction of fruits was because of concerns for the health of baby and breastmilk quality. To stimulate breast milk production, women increase their intake of cow's milk and dairy products. Conclusion Our findings have shown that during these stages many women change dietary intake for various reasons including gastrointestinal issues and health concerns. These results call for a need to focus on education and counselling, to improve women's nutritional knowledge and address any concerns they may have on food choices and impact on either pregnancy or breastfeeding.