Investigation of the Bioconversion of Urea with Modified Lignosulfonate Biomass as Slow-Release Urea in Aqueous Medium and Rumen Fluid

Abstract

Abstract For producing a combination of urea with acetylated lignosulfonate in the pellet form, the urea release was studied under real conditions in the livestock rumen. Morphological, chemical, and mechanical features of slow-release urea combination with acetylated lignosulfonate and comparing it with lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, and urea were studied. The produced pellets with weight percentages (10, 30, 50, and 65) showed the potential of acetylated lignosulfonate in water. For the study of the amount of nitrogen release, slow-release urea (a combination of 65 wt% of acetylated lignosulfonate with 35 wt% of urea) together with three other experimental ratio samples including control ration without urea, urea control supplement ration and Nitro-Za inside the livestock rumen were studied and measured during a period of 0.5 to 24 h. The changes range in Nitro-Za ammonia Nitrogen concentration and the slow-release substance are aligned and similar and the slow-release substance belonging to the urea ration combined with acetylated lignosulfonate showed better performance from the fourth hour. The study results showed positive results regarding supplementing the feed ration with slow-release urea compared to urea and comparable to Nitro-Za.