A Novel Synchronized Stimulation Method to Improve the Tactile Localization Ability of Post-Stroke Patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise in enhancing neural plasticity and functional abilities in post-stroke patients. However, determining the optimal protocol for this method remains an open question. Our study proposes a novel approach: synchronized stimulation that combines mechanical and electrical stimuli. We hypothesize that this approach will enhance tactile localization ability in post-stroke patients. Methods We recruited a total of 23 patients and conducted four different types of experiments involving periodic mechanical stimulation on their fingertips. The primary objective was to assess the participants' ability to accurately localize the location of the mechanical stimulation. In one experiment, only mechanical stimulation was administered. In the remaining three experiments, electrical stimulations were combined with the mechanical stimulation. The electrical stimulations comprised of one of the following protocols: (1) tDCS pulses administered solely for the initial five seconds of the session, (2) continuous tDCS pulses throughout the entire duration of the mechanical stimulation, and (3) tDCS pulses synchronized precisely with the timing of the mechanical stimulation. Results A noteworthy enhancement in tactile localization ability was observed when the electrical and mechanical stimulations were synchronized. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the integration of electrical brain stimulations with simultaneous mechanical stimulation of the fingertips resulted in enhanced neural activities. This synchronized integration holds the potential to improve perception and may serve as a vital approach in the treatment of post-stroke patients.