Biological Applications of Yttrium oxide Nanocomposites synthesized from Aspergillus penicillioides and their Potential Role in Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Industrial effluent contains hazardous metals like lead and nickel that must be eliminated to prevent serious illnesses. The biological production of nanocomposites, which uses a range of biological resources including microbes and plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. The goal of the current study is to generate Y₂O₃ nanocomposites, in a unique, feasible, and biodegradable manner by using biological substances. The characterization outcomes demonstrated that Aspergillus penicillioides was capable of extracellular synthesis of Y₂O₃ nanocomposites with a spherical shape. Using Y₂O₃ nanocomposites, lead and nickel were photocatalyzed. The effect of functional elements, like nanocatalyst dosage, pH, lead and nickel concentration, and the light source, was examined in the batch adsorption assessments. With a higher adsorption rate of 60% for lead and nickel concentrations of 4 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml for the nanocatalyst, and a pH of 6, the photocatalytic reduction of lead and nickel demonstrated the effectiveness of the Y₂O₃ nanocomposites as a catalyst. The pseudo-first, second order, Langmuir, and Freundlich models were used to explain the adsorption isotherm and its kinetics. The biological applications, which included analysis of bacterial protein leakage, antioxidant activity, and antibiotic activity, were also demonstrated. Eco-friendliness of the Y₂O₃ nanocomposite was determined by the hemolytic assay. Ultimately, our study exhibits the novel bio-based Aspergillus penicillioides-arbitrated Y₂O₃ nanocomposites that work well as a bioremediating agent.