Improvement of Genetic Variation of cv Grand Naeni Bananas Through Gamma-Ray Irradiation and In Vitro Selection Using Fusaric Acid

Abstract

Abstract Fusarium wilt is an important and malignant disease of bananas even in very few countries which are free from this disease. One solution that gives hope is the use of resistant varieties. Currently there are still limited resistance to fusarium. Therefore, it is necessary to do plant breeding in order to produce resistant varieties. Conventional breeding will take a long time. To accelerate the assembly of varieties, a strategy will be adopted to utilize fusarium resistant genetic material combined with mutation induction and in vitro selection. The purpose of this activity is to get the genetic diversity of bananas cv. Grand Naine through mutation induction with gamma irradiation and obtained an in vitro selection method for resistance to fusaric acid. The stages of the research included induction of mutations with gamma rays and in vitro selection with fusaric acid stress. The explants used were in vitro shoots of banana cv. Grand Naine. The gamma ray radiation doses used were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Gy. After irradiation, the explants were subcultured into P5 regeneration medium. In vitro selection of mutated banana shoots on culture media containing 30 mg/L fusaric acid. The results showed that banana shoots cv. Grand Naine was able to survive at the highest irradiation dose (25 Gy). The survival percentage of explants irradiated at the highest dose (25 Gy) showed a reduction in viability of up to 70%. Treatment without irradiation produced an average number of fewer normal shoots (7) but produced the most abnormal shoots (72). Irradiation of 25 Gy produced a small number of shoots but produced many perfect shoots (35). In vitro selection with fusaric acid, shoots irradiated with 20 Gy had the best resistance level compared to other irradiation doses.