Prevalence of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Associated Factors Among Dyspeptic Patients At Endoscopy Unit, University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background: Dyspepsia is a common complaint in upper gastrointestinal disorders. It is described as predominant epigastric pain lasting for at least one month. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) occurs in 5-15% of patients with dyspepsia. Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/aspirin (ASA) use are widely known risk factors for PUD. This research article aimed to determine the prevalence of PUD and associated factors among dyspeptic patients at the endoscopy unit, University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital. A sample of 218 adults who presented with the complaint of dyspepsia, and underwent endoscopic evaluation were interviewed from June 1 to November 30, 2020. A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit the study subjects. Relevant clinical history was obtained from patients’ medical records. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used to confirm the presence of peptic ulcer disease. The Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with the occurrence of PUD among dyspeptic patients. P-value <0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association.Results: A total of 218 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluations were included in the study. The PUD was diagnosed in one-third of patients with dyspepsia. Dyspeptic patients with active H. pylori infection (AOR=6.3, 95%CI: 2.96-13.38) and NSAIDs/ASA use (AOR=6.2, 95%CI: 2.93-13.36) were at higher risk of developing PUD.Conclusion: The magnitude of active H. pylori infection among symptomatic PUD patients was high. So then, a “test-and-treat” strategy is advised. Cautious use of NSAIDs/ASA is required as it is readily available over-the-counter.