Microvessel network, CGRP and NPY distribution, and CBCT image assessments of the mandibular canal between dentulous and edentulous cadavers using principal component analysis

Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study focused on the detailed distribution of microvessels in the mandibular canal (MC) and the localized expression of neurotransmitters to assess the relationship between microvessel supply and MC structure using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for safe and reliable dental implant treatment. Materials and methods In this study, mandibles from 45 sides of 23 human cadavers aged 76–104 years were examined microscopically, immunohistochemically and by CBCT analysis. These data were further evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Results The MC structure was classified into three types, including complete (57.0%, 228/400), partial (33.8%, 135/400) and unclear (9.2%, 37/400), for dentulous and edentulous subjects. Calcitonin gene-related peptide- and neuropeptide Y-positive reactions were mainly found in the inferior region of the MC. PCA results revealed that developed capillaries were mainly localized in the molar regions. Conclusions Our findings indicate that microvessels express neurotransmitters on the vasa nervorum of the inferior alveolar nerve and vein and artery. These irregular large microvessels are mainly located in dentulous subjects, which may provide useful information for dental implant treatment. Clinical Relevance: The microvessel supply pattern might signify a risk of pain in the molar and premolar regions in dentulous and edentulous subjects undergoing CBCT analysis of the MC for dental implant surgery based on oral health-related quality of life.