Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia complicated with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

Abstract

Abstract Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) complicated with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) Methods: A total of 229 patients diagnosed with CIN complicated with VAIN, who received treatment at the Gynecology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2013 and January 2023, were included in this study. Additionally, 458 CIN patients treated during the same period were randomly selected as a control group. The clinical characteristics of both groups were compared and analyzed to identify risk factors for CIN complicated with VAIN. Results: The mean age of patients in the CIN complicated with VAIN group was 49.84±14.03 years, with 55.5% being postmenopausal. In the CIN group, the mean age was 45.79±11.41 years, with 31.4% being postmenopausal. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the CIN complicated with VAIN group, 97.4% of patients had HPV infection, with 46.7% being infected with multiple HPVs and 20.1% being infected with three or more HPVs. The infection rate was significantly higher than that in the CIN group (91.0%, 29.5%, 10.5%). There was a significant positive correlation between the grade of CIN and VAIN (Kappa=0.274, p < 0.05), indicating that as the grade of cervical lesions increased, so did the degree of vaginal lesions. Multifactor analysis revealed that menopause (OR=2.522), multiple HPV infections (OR=1.491), and three or more categories of HPV infections (OR=1.529) were independent risk factors for CIN complicated with VAIN (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In order to provide early intervention and avoid missed diagnosis and treatment, it is important to pay attention to vaginal examination during colposcopy for postmenopausal and CIN patients with multiple HPV infections. This will help in timely detection of vaginal lesions.