A Systematic PRISMA Literature Survey on Renewable Energy Spatial Modelling and Proposed Advanced Statistical GIS-based Kth Order Queen Contiguity Methodology for Sustainable Development: Target Implementation to African Countries' Clustering

Abstract

Abstract As the world's population grows, so does human activity and industry, and Africa's principal source of energy is fossil fuel. These energy sources are toxic and polluting to our environment (Climate Change, food scarcity, and poverty), as well as to animals and plant life. There was widespread concern about the energy sector's economic, environmental, and social alternatives for mitigating these consequences on a worldwide scale. As a result, the world faces a huge challenge in overcoming them by progressively shifting away from fossil fuels and toward a cleaner, healthier source of energy known as Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Africa is rich in natural and mineral resources, and it is one of the world's greatest producers of primary energy. We used Scopus databases to conduct a thorough examination of numerous earlier studies of GIS-based spatial modelling on renewable energy around the world to understand how GIS-based spatial modelling can help. The findings found that there are greater gaps in the field; there are 28 documents worldwide, with Germany having the most publications, while African countries have none. Although only 3.3 percent of the extracted documents are from the field of mathematics and 3.3 percent from Computer Science, many of the models originated from Mathematical Sciences, such as Computer Science, statistics, or mathematics, this is a multidisciplinary area where research from various fields contributed to the development of this field. We Proposed GIS-based Clustering Methodology for African Countries Renewable Energy Consumptions and Production that can give more insight on African energy situations. Recommendations for exaltation were offered in especially for Africa as well as researchers in the field of mathematical sciences, environmental sciences and technology and other related areas.