Abstract
In this study, we experimentally addressed the impact of different pollination treatments on the morphological, reproductive, and chemical traits of fruits and seeds of two crop species, the wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). Multiple flowers from each plant were exposed to different pollination treatments: i) self pollination, ii) hand cross pollination and iii) open pollination. Both the crops were positively affected by open pollination in terms of morpho-chemical parameters concerning the marketability (e.g., 35% decrease in sugar/acid ratio in open pollinated strawberries compared to the autogamous ones) and the seed germination rate as a proxy of reproduction efficiency (e.g., the almost complete absence of seed abortion in the open pollination treatment). Remarkably, the pollination treatment also strongly influenced the phytochemical composition. Open-pollinated strawberries exhibited a higher relative concentration of compounds endowed with nutraceutical properties such as anthocyanins, ellagic acid derivatives, and flavonoids. At the same time, cowpea seeds displayed higher concentrations of anti-nutrients in the self pollination treatments, such as saponins, compared to the open and hand cross pollinated seeds. This study suggests the presence of a link between the pollination mechanism, market quality, plant reproduction and chemical properties of fruits and seeds, supporting the intricate interplay between pollinators, plants, and human nutrition and highlighting the crucial importance of animal pollination in ecological and dietary contexts.