Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leek (Allium porrum L.) are widely distributed in the Marmara region of Türkiye. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) are two of the most significant viral pathogens impacting the cultivation of edible Allium plants worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. To assess the prevalence of these viruses, leaves from onion, garlic, and leek plants were collected from 778 plants across production fields in the Marmara region (Bursa, Edirne, Kocaeli, Kırklareli, Sakarya, and Tekirdağ). Samples were tested for the presence of OYDV and LYSV by ELISA and RT-PCR. Of the samples analyzed, 175 were found positive for OYDV, 79 for LYSV, and 21 showed mixed infection with both viruses. Successful amplification of specific gene regions (NIb-CP for Onion yellow dwarf virus and CP for Leek yellow stripe virus) was achieved using specific primers. Sequence analysis revealed that the LYSV and OYDV isolates obtained in this study exhibited identities ranging from 84.6–98.1% and 74.1–99.8% with sequences available in GenBank, respectively. Additionally, the reactions of the genotypes to OYDV were also investigated. OYDV isolate TR-OK64 (OR923732) from Bursa was inoculated into 6 garlic and 15 onion genotypes sourced from the Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. Statistical analyses conducted using JMP Pro 13 revealed infected plants' reductions in leaf length, bulb height, bulb width and bulb mass.