Association of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS 1) Expression in the Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common mucosal neoplasm to affect the head and neck region. It is the 6th most common cancer globally, most commonly seen in South Asian countries. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) like Insulin Receptor (IR) is an adaptor protein that integrates multiple transmembrane signals from growth factors and hormones, to regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism. Evidence suggests that IRS 1 plays a vital role in cancer progression and nodal metastasis. AIM To assess the prognostic implication of the Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma from evidence based results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was done to identify articles describing Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS 1) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were carried out for Pubmed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, using MeSH terms. RESULTS A total of 486 cases of HNSCC were included in this systematic review. Out of 3 studies, increased/high expression of IRS 1 was 67%. 64% of the cases in Stage I and stage II (TNM staging) showed higher expression of IRS 1, whereas 70% of the stage III and stage IV cases showed upregulation of IRS 1. IRS 1 was equally upregulated in cases with lymph node metastasis as well as in cases without any lymph node metastasis. 74% of the patients that showed high expression of IRS 1 showed high mortality during the follow up period of 13 months. CONCLUSION This review concluded that elevated levels of IRS 1 expression were associated with poor prognosis and increased lymph node metastasis