The right attitude is not enough: Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary school teachers regarding food allergy in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract Background: Food allergy (FA) is a serious condition that can lead to anaphylaxis and even death. It is on the increase among school-aged children. Since allergic reactions may happen at school, immediate intervention is required, which must be initiated by school personnel. This study investigates the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward FA among primary school teachers in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2021. A validated 34-item questionnaire was distributed electronically among primary school teachers in Al-Kharj using a multistage random sampling method, covering four sections (socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, and attitude). SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The study included 370 teachers: 54.3% were females, and 83.5% were Saudi. Overall knowledge and practice mean sores were low (6.2 ± 3.6 out of 22 and 2.1± 1.5 out of 8, respectively). The mean attitude score was high (18.0 ± 2.0 out of 20). Knowledge level was significantly higher among teachers with a family history of FA (p=0.001). Practice score was significantly higher among younger (p=0.008), non-Saudi, private school teachers, and newly working teachers (p=0.001). Female teachers had a significantly more positive attitude towards FA (p=0.03). Conclusion: The competent health and legislative authorities should set the appropriate policies to ensure teachers are trained and re-trained in recognizing and managing acute FA-related anaphylactic events. An appropriate action plan for managing food-induced reactions should be in place at every school.