Association between different types of physical activities and arthritis among Chinese elderly: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Abstract

Background The association between physical activities and arthritis has gained considerable attention. However, current research on the correlation between different types of physical activity and arthritis in middle-aged and elderly individuals remains relatively limited. Gaining a deeper understanding of the impact of exercise behavior on arthritis in this population holds significant importance in comprehending joint health and disease management. This study aims to investigate the relationship between various types of physical activity and arthritis in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the first wave data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), where participants were categorized into either arthritis or non-arthritis groups. Meanwhile, based on the survey questionnaire, physical activity levels were classified into three categories of light, moderate, and vigorous. A logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the association between exercise and arthritis, with odds ratios (OR) reported to indicate the degree of correlation between the two factors. Results The cross-sectional analysis included a total of 5334 participants, among whom the overall prevalence of arthritis was 35.0%. After adjusting for all potential risk factors, there was an independent association between types of physical activity and arthritis (vigorous compared to light or moderate activity: OR = 1.473, 95%CI 1.276–1.701, p < 0.001; moderate compared to light activity: OR = 1.182, 95%CI 1.015–1.377, p = 0.032). In subgroup analysis, the association of types of physical activities with arthritis was also significant in participants over 55 years of age, male, BMI ≥ 24, as well as in individuals with hyperlipidemia or hypertension (p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were found in individuals with diabetes or hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal or digestive system disorders, BMI < 24, aged 45–55, or in the female population (p > 0.05). Conclusion Exercise intensity is an independent risk factor for arthritis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. The relationship between exercise and arthritis may be influenced by factors such as gender, age, BMI, and the presence of chronic diseases.