The Immokalee Health Project: Examining health-related knowledge level and health-specific self- efficacy among Haitians in Immokalee, Florida

Abstract

Abstract Objective To examine health-related knowledge levels and health-specific self-efficacy among Haitians in Immokalee, Florida. Methods Eight community-based health events consisting of an hour-long interactive health education sessions were conducted during 2022-23. Pre- and post-knowledge levels based on 20 questions (adapted from Florida Literacy Coalition) on staying healthy, chronic diseases, health communication between physician and patient, and health emergency preparedness were assessed via face-to-face interviews or self-administered surveys. Self-efficacy for nutrition and physical activity (PA) using 5-item scales was evaluated at baseline and six months. Results A total of 156 Haitians participated at baseline, while only 56 could be reached in six-month follow-ups. Correct responses on pre-tests averaged 42%, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge levels (8.5 ± 3.4) after the health education (10.2 ± 3.4; p < .001). Post-knowledge levels were significantly higher for those with higher educational levels (p .034). Nutrition self-efficacy scores at six months were higher for those who had higher educational levels, the difference being significant (p .037). Nutrition self-efficacy scores were lower at baseline and six-month follow-up for the retired (p .001 and .035 respectively). Those with lower BMI had higher mean self-efficacy scores at baseline than those with higher BMI (p .042). Physical activity self-efficacy scores at baseline were significantly lower for the retired than other employment categories (p .003) and higher for those who self-reported to be diabetic (p .048). Conclusion Low health-related knowledge levels before education and the substantial increase in knowledge after educational intervention indicate the need for more educational programs. There were no significant improvements in health-related knowledge levels or health-specific self-efficacy scores at six months. Sustained health education and promotion initiatives to improve knowledge and health-specific self-efficacy through hands-on activities are recommended.