Fusarium population dynamics in commercial onion fields in Northeastern Israel

Author:

Degani Ofir1,Dimant Elhanan1,Margalit Eliyahu2

Affiliation:

1. MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute

2. Extension Service, Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Abstract

Abstract Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a significant limitation to Allium production worldwide. The damage of the disease can be observed throughout the entire crop cycle. The current research aimed to understand better the FBR affecting onion (Allium cepa) in northeast Israel by assessing the disease incidences. It also focuses on studying the Fusarium population structure involved in the disease outburst in two representative fields, one in the Galilee (Hula Valley) and the second in the Golan Heights. Using colony morphology, microscopic taxonomic keys, and molecular methods, a new, unreported Fusarium solani species was discovered as a wildly spread member of the Fusarium pathobiome community. This species appeared to be more generalist in its nature since it was found in all three onion cultivars’ samples. It was also less virulent than the other two species identified. While the Galilee yellow Orlando onion cultivar is colonized by F. solani and two other, less abundant species, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, and F. acutatum, the Golan Heights Fusarium community, show host specificity. In the Golan Heights fields, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae inhabited the red 505 onion cultivar, whereas F. acutatum colonized the yellow 100 cultivar. A better understanding of this disease complexity caused by different Fusarium species with a divergence in host susceptibility and virulence is critical for developing disease management strategies. Since each Fusarium species reacts differently to pest control treatments, the changes in the species composition may require specifically adapted pest control solutions.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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