Exploring computational techniques for simulating residual stresses for thin wall multi-joint hexagon configurations for a laser directed energy deposition process

Abstract

Abstract Laser cladding is a directed energy deposition process, and can lead to high residual stresses, which can compromise the quality of the specimen. As a result, it is crucial to accurately predict and investigate the residual stress distribution in cladded parts and understand the mechanism of formation. In this study a thermo-mechanical metallurgical simulation model of the laser cladding process was developed for three different path strategies with respect to the deposition sequence and direction for a thin wall hexagon with inner junctions to investigate the formation of residual stress. The study was performed for single and multilayer scenarios. Two types of computational techniques, the detailed transient approach and the imposed thermal cycle approach, was performed and comparisons conducted. Consistent results were observed when comparing the resultant stress patterns for the single layer; subsequently, the imposed thermal cycle method was applied for the five layer models. A preheat scenario is explored. This reduced the computational cost significantly, but the stress patterns were not similar. This indicates that building up worn regions at the top of a thin walled component, such as a roll die, needs to be investigated further as unique issues have been highlighted. The differences between the implemented computational techniques are described as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Knowledge obtained from these case studies provides a foundation for efficient and rapid optimization of laser cladding processes, with the aim of minimizing residual stress in both simple and complex laser cladding structures.