Physical activity and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: Does age and gender make a difference?

Author:

Muomah Rosemary C.1,Chukwuorji JohnBosco C.1,Nwonyi Sampson K.2,Tay Doris A.3,Joachim Dale4,Malete Leapetswe5,Adamba Clement3,Nyawornota Vida Korleki3,Nyanynofio Oscar3,Donkor Samuel Kofi3,Ocansey Reginald3

Affiliation:

1. University of Nigeria

2. Ebonyi State University

3. University of Ghana

4. SondeHealth

5. Michigan State University

Abstract

Abstract Background There is overwhelming evidence indicating that depression may be reduced by physical activity (PA) but studies in lower- and middle-income countries and those that involved data at higher physical activity doses were underrepresented. The current study investigated the associations between PA levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and sitting) and depression, and tested whether age and gender moderates the link between PA and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Participants were 857 adults (51.0% women; aged 18–69, mean age = 29.71, SD = 10.84 years) who completed an online survey as part of the General Health, Speech and Physical Activity Relationship Assessment Study in Nigeria. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) while depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Results of Hayes PROCESS macro indicated that those who engaged in vigorous PA reported lower levels of depression. Sitting, walking and moderate PA were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Older participants reported less symptoms of depression. Women had higher depressive symptoms compared to men. The interactions of age and gender with the PA levels were not significant, which showed that age and gender did not moderate the relationships of PA and depression. Conclusion Health practitioners should encourage people to engage in vigorous PA in order to reduce levels of depression and improve mental health in the general population.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference51 articles.

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5. Alli-Hakeem, A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on poor mental health in children and young people ‘tip of the iceberg’ – UNICEF. Retrieved on March 20, 2023 from https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/impact-covid-19-poor-mental-health-children-and-young-people-tip-iceberg-unicef

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