Potential Land Suitability Assessment for Surface Irrigation Using Geospatial Technology in Shinfa River Basin, Abbay Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Assessment of potential lands suitable for surface irrigation techniques is vital for a country like Ethiopia, where chronic food shortages occur on a recurrent basis while the country has abundant water resources and sufficient potentially suitable lands. This study aims to identify suitable land for surface irrigation in the Shinfa River basin, and Metema-Quara districts. The study used a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques to identify surface irrigation-suitability lands. Distance proximity (river, town, and road) and land features (LULC, major soils, soil characteristics, and slope) were the suitability factors used in this study. The results show that 1.64% (8,991.5 ha) of land is highly suitable and 69% (377,431.5 ha) of land is moderately suitable in the basin, which has 5,467.3 km2. In the middle downstream of the basin, an 85,480-ha large-scale irrigation project was designed by Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise (ADSWE) by providing storage at Gubay Jejebit Kebele. Referencing the proposed dam site, the downstream Metema-Quara district had 105,042 ha of suitable irrigation potential within the basin. However, only 38% of suitable land was proposed and designed for surface irrigation development. Therefore, to increase the irrigable land in the district, design extensions and other water source alternatives (diversion, groundwater, and rainwater harvesting) should be considered, and having large-scale suitable irrigation potential requires the implementation of irrigation projects for the better development of the country.