The role of systemic inflammatory indices in predicting nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the need for hospitalization

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) in predicting nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) Methods Women diagnosed and managed for NVP at a large tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 278 eligible patients with NVP and 278 gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women were included. Patients with NVP were divided into mild (n = 58), moderate (n = 140) and severe NVP (n = 80). Patients with moderate and/or severe NVP who were at high risk for hospitalization were pooled and assigned to an inpatient treatment group. The groups were then compared. Results SII and PIV were significantly higher in the NVP group than in the control group, while SII, SIRI and PIV were significantly higher in the inpatient treatment group than in the mild NVP group. The comparison of overall performance in predicting NVP development showed that SII was better than PIV (p < 0.001), while there was no significant superiority between SII, SIRI and PIV in predicting inpatient treatment needs. An SII with a cut-off value of > 1207x10³/µL (47.48% sensitivity, 82.01% specificity) had the highest discriminatory power for predicting a pregnancy in which NVP will develop. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between high SII and PIV and an increased risk of future NVP. These markers can be used as a first-trimester screening test to improve treatment planning of pregnancies at high risk of HG.