Risk factors for newly-developed cardiovascular disease and quality of life during the COVID -19 pandemic: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had a wide range of effects on the English population, including on health and quality of life due to the subsequent lockdown restrictions set. Aims To investigate longitudinal changes in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how that affects quality of life from pre-pandemic and during two lockdowns in England, in older adults, and what factors are associated to this. Methods Wave 9 of the core English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and Waves 1 and 2 of the ELSA COVID-19 sub-study were used to investigate the factors associated to developing CVD between timepoints, and what factors alongside CVD are associated to quality of life. Results Higher age and depression were associated to newly-developed CVD from pre-COVID to both COVID sub-study waves. Additionally, BMI increased odds of CVD and physical activity decreased odds. Non-White ethnicity, depression, females, and developing CVD were lower associated to quality of life. Age and physical activity was associated with higher quality of life. Discussion Ethnicity was not associated with newly-developed CVD but was associated with quality of life. Other factors of important include age, depression, gender, and physical activity. Findings are informative for future risk stratification and treatment strategies, especially while the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing.