Conjunctive use of Drone-mounted Sonar and Water Penetrating Radar for Reservoir Water Resource and Vulnerability

Abstract

Abstract Mathematical calculation and direct measurement comprise two groups of overlapping methods used in estimating water volume. This work proposes and tests (in four contrasting lakes) a blend of these, using a dual proxy approach of Sonar and Water Penetrating Radar (WPR), both of which can be mounted on, or lowered from a drone (or unmanned aerial vehicle). The two methods can be used to validate each other: used from a drone they provide access to hazardous locations. Data may be further analysed for spatial patterns in GIS and downloaded, then digitised for volume calculation. Commercial fishing Sonar devices and basic drones are now of moderate price, making this method attractive to private landowners and low-income governments and organisations. Radar, whilst more expensive has the advantages of imaging water depths through weed and gas bubbles and assessing sediment thickness/geometry. Sonar has the advantage of cost-effective and easy drone deployment.