Tittle: First drug-checking study at an electronic festival and fentanyl detection in the central region of Mexico

Author:

Cruz Silvia L.1,Bencomo-Cruz Miguel2,Medina-Mora María E.3,Vázquez-Quiroz Fabiola4,Bautista Clara Fleiz4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav)

2. ReverdeSer Colectivo A. C.

3. Faculty of Psychology Director, National Autonomous University of Mexico.

4. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM)

Abstract

Abstract Background: Perception of drug adulteration has increased in Mexico, but there is little research on adulterants and toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify drug composition in an electronic music outdoor festival nearby Mexico City. Methods: The participants completed a questionnaire with demographic data, harm reduction strategies, drug-use patterns, history, and the drug they expected to find. We took a small sample of each substance and prepared it for drug checking. In the setting a two-section drug testing station was placed within the grounds of the festival. Interaction with participants occurred at the front part. Drug checking was conducted at the rear part. The service was free of charge, voluntary and confidential. Forty persons aged 22 to 48 years participated (mode= 28), of which 92.5% were male, most (82.5%) were single. Through the Substance Analysis Program of ReverdeSer Colectivo, we conducted the testing with the attendants that provided 51 drug samples, following ethical and biosafety protocols. We used colorimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and fentanyl immunoassay strips for sample analysis. Results: Substances of choice among attendants were psychostimulants (MDMA and other amphetamine-like drugs) and hallucinogens. Most samples contained what the users expected plus adulterants. Main adulterants were methylene-dioxy-ethyl-amphetamine, methylene-dioxy-propyl-amphetamine, hydroxyamphetamine, and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine. Fentanyl was present in 2 out of 4 cocaine samples and in 14 of the 22 confirmed MDMA samples. Conclusions: Some of the adulterants found pose serious health risks, especially fentanyl, amphetamine-like substances, and venlafaxine. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor these adulterants at electronic music festivals and to implement prevention, treatment, and harm reduction public policies. Naloxone distribution and drug-assisted therapies should be part of government programs in Mexico.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference39 articles.

1. Global Commission on Drug Policy. TIME TO END PROHIBITION [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/c/GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicy

2. Adulterants in illicit drugs: A review of empirical evidence;Cole C;Drug Test Anal,2011

3. Pascale A. Drug adulterants and their effects on the health of users: A critical review [Internet]. 2019. Available from: http://www.cicad.oas.org/oid/pubs/Final ENG Drug adulterants and their effects on the health of users - a.._.pdf

4. NBOMes–Highly Potent and Toxic Alternatives of LSD;Zawilska JB;Front Neurosci,2020

5. Drug checking services at music festivals and events in a Canadian setting;McCrae K;Drug Alcohol Depend,2019

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3