Abstract
Background
Complexity of anemia subtypes remains unresolved, and therapies targeting anemia have inconsistently improved heart failure (HF) outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence trend and contributing factors of HF impairment with hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemia at global, regional and national levels.
Main body of the abstract:
Utilizing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for HF and hemoglobinopathies inclusive of hemolytic anemia, we systematically gathered annual figures for prevalence and incidence. Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) were computed to assess temporal trends in these diseases. Estimates were subsequently disaggregated by sex, geographical regions, and national levels to present a concise yet detailed picture of the disease dynamics globally. During the past three decades, although the absolute caseloads of hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias grew without altering their standardized prevalence (EAPC = 0.26), the rate of heart failure compounded by anemia sharply rose (EAPC = 0.49). Notably, in high Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions, the HF-to-hematological disorder ratio ascended more rapidly, moving from 82.80 parts per million (ppm) in 1990 to 114.22 ppm in 2019, surpassing the worldwide average increment (40 ppm). Despite greater anemia-related burdens among females, male patients experienced a disproportionately higher frequency of heart failure.
Short conclusion:
Over the past three decades, there has been a steady rise in the prevalence of heart failure comorbid with hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias, with a more pronounced disease burden observed among men and a discernible shift toward High SDI regions.