The multifaceted investigation of DHEAS level in COVID-19 disease: Insights into disease severity, gender, age, comorbidities, and implications for tailored management

Author:

Jamali Tahereh1,Ardestani Sussan Kaboudanian2,Vaez-Mahdavi Mohammad-Reza3,Rezaei Arezou4,Tuserkani Fatemeh1,Khazaei HosseinAli5,Khodadadi Ali6,Khazaei Bahman5,Latifi Keivan7,Ghazanfari Tooba1

Affiliation:

1. Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University

2. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics

3. Department of Health Equity, Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University

4. School of Biological Science, Damghan University

5. Clinical Immunology Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

7. Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Science

Abstract

Abstract

COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has affected millions of people worldwide. DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, has been found to play a crucial role in the immune system, and its levels have been linked to various health outcomes. The study aims to unravel the multifaceted role of DHEAS in COVID-19, focusing on disease status, temporal patterns, gender-specific trends, and the influence of age and comorbidities (hypertension (HT), heart disease (HD), and diabetes mellitus (DM)). DHEAS was quantified using ELISA in COVID-19 patients. We conducted a longitudinal analysis, tracking DHEAS concentration over different days. Gender-specific comparisons were performed. Furthermore, we analyzed DHEAS levels in both inpatients and outpatients, considering comorbidities. COVID-19 patients, especially inpatients, have lower levels of DHEAS compared to controls. However, DHEAS was not strongly associated with mortality or the need for intensive care. Findings unveiled a dynamic pattern of DHEAS levels during COVID-19 disease, marked by an initial decline followed by recovery. Notably, the scatter plot analysis suggested that COVID-19 could increase the conventional age-related decline in DHEAS levels among males, hinting at a potential gender-specific effect. Comorbidities including HP, HD, and DM, were prevalent among COVID-19 patients and correlated with disease severity. Hypertension appeared to moderate the relationship between hospitalization and DHEAS levels, particularly in females. DHEAS emerges as a biomarker for measuring COVID-19 severity, with distinct temporal dynamics. COVID-19's potential to increase the age-related decline in DHEAS levels, especially in male patients, underscores its intricate relationship with age. The influence of comorbidities adds another layer of complexity to COVID-19 outcomes. The influence of hypertension on DHEAS levels suggests a gender-specific effect, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in managing COVID-19 patients. These findings provide valuable insights into the multifaceted aspects of COVID-19 and its interaction with hormonal and demographic factors.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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