Genetic Variants Affecting Insulin Signaling Pathways and Risk of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Abstract Purpose The complicated condition known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a diverse genetic and environment-related cause. MIM125853 is among the heterogeneous diseases that can also be characterized as a multifactorial disorder of glucose metabolism with genetic susceptibility of an anomaly in the insulin pathway. We conducted the review with aim to assess the genetic variants affecting the insulin pathway as well as evaluate the risk of diabetes in association with genetic variants. Methods We used literature of 13 researches that met the inclusion criteria after the process of selection and analyzation. Our analysis included 59,593 participants in total with a gender distribution of 48% males (n = 24,591) and 52% females (n = 35,002). Result Gene variants such as PPARG, SLC30A8, KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and many others plays a pivotal role in the development of type-II diabetes as well as optimal functioning of insulin metabolic pathway for glucose metabolism and distribution with circulation. Conclusion KCNJ11 regulates insulin release in collaboration with other genes including ABCC8, KAPN10, IRS1 and TCF7L2. Reduced mutual expression of these kinds of genes could contribute to DM susceptibility. However, it is still unknown how precisely the combination of these genes’ functions in the control of insulin secretion.