A Case of Balo’s Concentric Sclerosis Confirmed by Stereotactic Intracranial Brain Biopsy and Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract Baló's Concentric Sclerosis (BCS) is an extremely rare central nervous system demyelinating disease, often presenting as acute or subacute neurological damage, with lesions typically occurring in the brain white matter. On MRI, it manifests as one or more concentric circular structures, forming multilayered ring-like patterns. Balo's Concentric Sclerosis, named after the Hungarian neuropathologist József Balo, was first defined in 1928. Traditionally, BCS was identified postmortem, but in recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a crucial diagnostic method, allowing effective diagnosis and treatment during a patient's lifetime. While brain biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing this condition, reports of intracranial biopsy cases are relatively scarce. This article reports a case of BCS diagnosed through stereotactic intracranial brain biopsy and MRI, aiming to further enhance understanding of this disease.