Seasonal variation in δ 13 C of Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandi at different stand ages

Abstract

Abstract Seasonal drought is common in Yunnan province, and water is the dominant factor limiting the growth of Pinus. yunnanensis and Pinus. armandi. The water use efficiency (WUE) of the two species is poorly understood. Needles were collected in a plantation (P. yunnanensis and P. armandi mixed forest) in four seasons, and the needle δ13C values were measured. The selected species had larger δ13C values and exhibited higher WUE than typical subtropical species. P. armandi needles showed a more conservative water use strategy (high WUE) than P. yunnanensis. There were significant differences in the δ13C values of P. armandi between the two ages, whereas no difference was observed in the δ13C values of P. yunnanensis. The lowest δ13C value in the young P. armandi forest was observed in spring, whereas the δ13C value of middle-aged forests did not differ between the seasons. The δ13C value of young P. yunnanensis forests showed no difference in the four seasons, and the maximum value was observed in summer in middle-aged forests. In general, the δ13C value of P. armandi was lowest in spring, whereas that of P. yunnanensis was higher in spring and winter. The needle δ13C values were lower in spring and winter, indicating that the season had different effects on the δ13C values of different tree species. Correlation analysis between the needle δ13C values and meteorological data indicated that temperature and precipitation were the dominant factors affecting WUE in P. yunnanensis and P. armandi. However, the tree species were not sensitive to moisture and temperature. Under the same climatic conditions, the effect of temperature on WUE was greater in P. yunnanensis middle-aged stands, and temperature and moisture affected the tree species during growth. These results suggest that WUE is significantly different in P. yunnanensis and P. armandi in two stand ages, and temperature and precipitation affect the WUE of the two Coniferous species. The identification and selection of subtropical tree species with high WUE are critical to maintaining high levels of forest benefits under limited water conditions.