Synthesis, evaluation of mechanical properties of chitosan-PVA nanofibers scaffold properties with decellularized periodontal tissue

Abstract

Abstract Aims: This study was performed to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical and cellular properties of PVA-Chitosan scaffold with and without decellularized tissue for its application in tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, periodontal ligament tissue from human Wisdom Teeth were extracted. Three groups of scaffolds were fabricated by electrospining method: PVA-Chitosan scaffold, PVA-Chitosan scaffold with 0.5 % decellularized tissue and PVA-Chitosan scaffold with 1 % decellularized tissue (dECM). Then, physical evaluation (water uptake test, weight loss test, tensile test was conducted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done for evaluating surface characteristics and morphology. Moreover, in vitro biocompatibility test (MTT assay, Cell adhesion assay) and differentiation test (alkaline phosphatase activity test, Alizarin Red Staining) was done. One Way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Present study was shown PVA-Chitosan scaffold with dECM had more water uptake and less tensile strength. It also showed higher levels of degradation, cellular adhesion, cellular viability and differentiation than PVA-Chitosan alone. With adding dECM, SEM images demonstrated more fiber diameter, porosity and pore size in scaffolds. Conclusion: The present data described the characterization of a novel dECM-based PVA-Chitosan scaffold with appropriate mechanical (water uptake and degradation rate) and biological properties (cellular adhesion, cellular viability and differentiation) via decellularizing periodontal tissues in compare it with PVA-Chitosan scaffold alone.