Courtship and mating behavior in two species of Pediobius (Eulophidae, Hymenoptera) with comparison with other Chalcidoidea in Israel.

Abstract

Abstract Mating of several tiny chalcid species from Eulophidae, Aphilinidae and Encyrtidae were observed in north Israel. Male of the smallest among observed, Aphelinus sp was not mounting during mating. In Encyrtidae both species, Aensius arisonensis and Anagyrus vladimiri behavior very similarly. Males mount on the female after short run. In Eulophidae courtship of Pediobius saulius and P. epigunus seems different and involving one and two males respectively. In both species observed the run of one specimen after another and wing opening of the male. In P. saulius were observed only elements of courtship as wings movements of males near the female and male-male combats with antennae. In P. epigunus only mating with two males was successful. In last moment before mating males open wings and put antennae in up wase position, continuing to run. Copulation starts from contacts with legs. Female was stepping with two males on its dorsal side. During the mating female was in firmed physical contact with two males instantaneously for several seconds. Any elements of competition between males were detected, both were realizing same behavioral pattern, and staying in symmetrical position on the both sides of the female similarly in courtship of P. saulius.