Abnormal Wall Shear Stress Area is Correlated to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Remodeling One Year After Surgery

Abstract

Abstract Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a common intervention for coronary artery disease; however, it suffers from graft failure, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To better understand the relation between graft hemodynamics and surgical outcomes, we performed computational fluid dynamics simulations with deformable vessel walls in 10 study participants (24 bypass grafts) based on CT and 4D flow MRI one month after surgery to quantify lumen diameter, wall shear stress (WSS), and related hemodynamic measures. A second CT acquisition was performed one year after surgery to quantify lumen remodeling. Compared to venous grafts, left internal mammary artery grafts experienced lower abnormal WSS (< 1 Pa) area one month after surgery (13.8% vs. 70.1%, p = 0.001) and less inward lumen remodeling one year after surgery (-2.4% vs. -16.1%, p = 0.027). Abnormal WSS area one month post surgery correlated with percent change in graft lumen diameter one year post surgery (p = 0.030). This study shows for the first time prospectively a correlation between abnormal WSS area one month post surgery and graft lumen remodeling one year post surgery, suggesting that shear-related mechanisms may play a role in post-operative graft remodeling and might help explain differences in failure rates between arterial and venous grafts.