Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in female dogs, with a high percentage of malignancy. Surgical excision remains the standard treatment for most cases, except for inoperable or inflammatory neoplasms. Comprehensive global research is needed to understand the nuances of CMTs in different canine populations and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic factors for bitches that underwent surgical removal of mammary tumors, and to determine the epidemiological characteristics and their relationship with tumor incidence and malignancy. We analyzed 21 cases of CMTs that underwent surgical removal, with a follow-up of 24 months. Factors such as breed, age, tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological results were evaluated. The study found that 77% of the analyzed neoplasms were malignant tumors. Tumor size was correlated with histological grade, and high-level TNM stage was associated with poor overall survival. Multiple tumors were more common in older female dogs. Ovariohysterectomy was found to be a protective factor for dogs with malignant tumors. Carcinomas in mixed tumors were the most prevalent malignant neoplasms, followed by tubular carcinoma and carcinosarcomas. In conclusion, this study provides insights into canine mammary tumors and emphasizes the importance of knowing factors such as tumor size, histological grade, and age of the dog. Timely intervention and follow-up examinations can significantly impact prognosis, and consideration should be given to ovariohysterectomy as a management option.