Clustering of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and screening behaviors: results from the 2019 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey

Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to investigate clustering patterns of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and examine the association of risk factor clusters with stomach cancer screening adherence. Data from the 2019 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, an annual cross-sectional nationwide survey, were used. The study population included 3,539 adults aged 40–74 years with no history of cancer. Six stomach cancer risk factors, including smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, obesity, meat intake, and salted food intake, as well as stomach cancer screening behaviors, were assessed. The most frequent risk factor for stomach cancer was physical inactivity, followed by smoking in males and high salted food intake in females. Compared with subjects with no risk factors, those with three or more risk factors were less likely to adhere to screening guidelines (males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.53; females: aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21–0.48). Our findings indicate a disparity in stomach cancer screening, such that those with more risk factors are less likely to get screened. Increasing public awareness, providing behavioral counseling, and targeting high-risk populations for screening interventions are critical for promoting cancer screening adherence and reducing the disparity in cancer screening.