Impact of mutational status on preoperative olfactory function in olfactory groove meningioma: Insights from a Clinical Study

Abstract

Abstract PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze the impact of driver mutations and image characteristics of olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) on olfactory function. METHODS: Olfactory function was assessed in 22 patients with OGM using odor threshold, odor discrimination, odor identification, and a global olfactory score. Targeted sequencing was performed to define the most frequent OGM driver mutations in 52 patients. Image morphology was obtained from preoperative imaging. RESULTS: The cohort of 52 patients exhibited SMO/SUFU mutations in 17 (33%), AKT1 mutations in 13 (25%), and "other" mutations in 15 (29%) patients, while the remaining 7 (13%) tumors were wild-type. Tumor-associated planum hyperostosis was displayed in 75% of OGM, with the lowest frequency in the AKT1-mutated group (42%), the highest in the SMO/SUFU (82%) and WT-groups (100%); (p = .017). Related to OGM volume, there was a difference between AKT1 and wild-type mutated OGM cohort ([Median (Range) cm3]: [13 (3-45) cm3] vs. [44 (19-84) cm3]) (p = .008). The preoperative odor threshold correlated with the perifocal edema (p = .03). Odor identification was associated with tumor volume (p = .014) and hyperostosis of the planum (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a reference on the dependencies between imaging, clinical, and OGM mutational characteristics and preoperative olfactory performance. For the first time, it has been shown that PIK3CA, TRAF7-, POLR2A-, and NF1 OGM-mutation status is a tumor-related molecular predictor of the preoperative global olfactory performance. The preoperative olfactory status could contribute to more accurate surgical planning and postoperative patient support.