Hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves

Abstract

Background: Aloe species are known for the treatment of various conditions including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesteremia, and glycation end products. Nevertheless, the biological activity of Aloe armatissima is yet to be reported. It’s a first-time report to evaluate the Aloe armatissima leaves (AAL) extract for its antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Methodology: in vitro tests of DPPH for the antioxidant and HSA for the antiglycation activity whereas, in vivo models were used to assess the toxicity, antihyperglycemic, and ani-hypercholesteremic effects. The volatile profile was determined via GC-MS. Results: the IC₅₀ values of 116±0.66 (mg/mL) for antioxidant activity and 0.21±0.009 (mg/mL) for antiglycation activity were observed for the AAL extract. The acute toxicity in animal model revealed a lack of toxicity for the extract. The in vivo models exhibited a dose dependent hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects with significant (P<0.01) BGLs reduction. Moreover, a profound decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL along with a significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL and serum insulin levels were recorded. The statistical analysis demonstrated the values of F_(24,125)=23.95, P=0.001, effect size=1.95 (normoglycemic mice), F_(24,125)=143.21, P=0.001, effect size=4.79 (glucose loaded mice), and F_(24,125)=82.69, P=0.001, effect size=3.6 (diabetic model). GCMS showed the presence of eleven compounds with Tetratetracontane (100%), β-Sitosterol (27.76), and vitamin-E (18.68) in major amounts. Conclusion: the results underscore the extract’s capacity to effectively combat various ailments however, the active phytochemicals need to be isolated and the pharmacological activities may be established at molecular level.