Abstract
Widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electronic products, electric cars, and renewable energy systems has raised severe worries about the environmental consequences spent lithium batteries. Because of its mobility and possible toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, lithium, as a vital component of battery technology, has inherent environmental problems. Leaching of lithium from discharged batteries, as well as its subsequent migration through soil and water, represent serious environmental hazards, since it accumulates in the food chain, impacting ecosystems and human health. This comprehensive review delves into ways through which lithium is introduced into the environment, beginning with its release from discarded lithium batteries. This lithium can migrate through soil and water systems, ultimately infiltrating various ecological compartments, including plants, animals, and eventually the human food chain. Of particular concern is the potential toxicity of lithium, and this review closely examines its effects on ecosystems and human health. Aside from examining the environmental impacts, in this paper also emphasizes the significance of proper disposal and recycling measures in order to offset the negative effects of used lithium batteries. Furthermore, this article also emphasizes the importance of continued research to create creative and sustainable methods for lithium recovery and remediation.