Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin use for Lymphatic Filariasis Among Eligible Civil Servants in Kaduna State

Abstract

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites, causing debilitating symptoms such as lymphedema and elephantiasis. Ivermectin has shown promises in treating various parasitic infections, including lymphatic filariasis. However, its efficacy and safety profile, especially among civil/public servants remain understudied. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Ivermectin in treating Lymphatic filariasis among eligible civil servants in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Method: The research study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on treatment outcomes and qualitative insights on the experiences of participants. The study also assessed the impact of Ivermectin treatment on the quality of life and productivity of study participants. The hypothesis for this study was tested using chi-square analyses. Result: Our study showed that age, gender and duration of service are the factors statistically significant (P<0.05) with the prevalence of LF, suggesting possible socio-demographic factors for LF. However, age and gender were the only significant variables (P<0.05) associated with Ivermectin administration and its safety profile among eligible civil servants of Kaduna State. Findings from this study indicates that 71% (n=230) of the total sample have ever taken Ivermectin for LF, in contrast to 29% (n=93) who have never taken Ivermectin for LF. More so, 59% (n=189) of the total sample were aware of the potential side effects of Ivermectin. 98% (n=316) who have taken Ivermectin reported not to have experienced any side effects taking this medication for LF, coupled with 65%, (n=209) who reported that Ivermectin effected an improvement in their LF symptoms. In addition, 83% (n=269) of the respondent suggested that Ivermectin should be publicly made available in the community for end-users. Similarly, 69% (n=224) respondents are aware of some contraindications associated with the use of Ivermectin. Despite this, 80% (n=259) reported never to have missed their treatment which may indicate that the knowledge of contraindication does not necessarily equate avoidance of treatment with Ivermectin. 71% (n=228) admitted that they have a feeling of adequacy of the dose regimen being administered to them, while 82% (n=266) registered their satisfaction with the effectiveness of Ivermectin for LF treatment. Conclusion: Our study shows that Ivermectin, to a very large extent, is well accepted among the populace for LF treatment. However, additional effort must be put in place to educating the not yet adhering population at risk of the infection. Campaigns to take and adhere to the administration protocol of the medication is essential since the goal is elimination of the infection in the community. Safety monitoring in those with chronic manifestation of LF during MDA is also recommended for proper management