Analysis of rumen Bacterial diversity in Mongolian sheep based on 16S rDNA sequencing

Abstract

Abstract Background Rumen microorganisms play an important role in the physiology, nutrition, pathology, and host immunity of ruminants. Of these microorganisms, bacteria were the most abundant in the rumen. The main purpose of this article is to explore the diversity, abundance and microflora function of rumen bacteria in Mongolian sheep in Inner Mongolia. 11 rumen samples from adult sheep from Inner Mongolia were collected randomly lived in the same environment and fed in the same way. Using Illumine Seq platform, 16S rDNA V4 regions were sequenced to analyze the rumen microbial structure and function prediction of the rumen fluid from the 11 Mongolia sheep. Results 6200 effective sequences and 57759 OTUs for species categorization were acquired by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The analysis of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant bacteria groups were Bacteroidota and Firmicutes at the phylum level and Prevotellaceae at the family level. It was shown that most genes encoded by sheep rumen bacteria were related to metabolism, followed by gene information processing and environmental information processing. Additionally, results showed that fibrinolytic enzymes and cellulose-degrading bacteria were abundant in Mongolian sheep rumen. Conclusions The results revealed the population distribution, population characteristics, and quantity of rumen bacteria in sheep, which laid a foundation for the study of rumen bacterial diversity. Additionally, it served as a resource for cultivating strains that produce cellulase and a manual for identifying cellulose degradation genes with potential for commercial use.