Volumetric Assessment of Idiopathic Osteosclerosis in Jawbones Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to investigate three-dimensional characteristics of idiopathic osteosclerosis also known as dense bone island, in the jawbones and to review the case reports on this subject. Methods 300 images from patients in dental school were analyzed. Since there is no age limit on getting orthodontic braces, IO prevalence was investigated in different age and sex groups. Furthermore, variables such as number, shape, position, and volume of the mass were studied considering its relation to neighboring teeth and cortical structures. Also, the possible association between IO and root resorption or malposition of the adjacent teeth was evaluated. One-sample chi-squared, Pearson’s chi-squared, Binomial, and independent T-tests were used for statistical analysis utilizing software SPSS version 21. Results Fifty-one out of the 300 cases had 75 IOs (17% prevalence), with no discernible difference in age or gender. More than one mass was present in 31.4% of IO patients. IO was more frequent in the mandibular premolar/molar area. The most common shape was irregular. There was no evidence for a relationship between IO and teeth, but a significant association was present with adjacent cortical structures. A mean volume of 206 mm3 was reported for the mass. Age and mass volume had an inverse relationship. No instance of tooth malposition or root resorption related to IO was reported. Conclusions IO should be carefully considered by dentists due to potential complications and differential diagnosis purposes. Three-dimensional characteristics of IO can accurately be assessed on CBCT images.