Abstract
Rapidly growing urbanization industrialization and environmental contamination with chemical and biological pollutants have worsened due to the presence of toxic substances in water, which has led to worldwide problems. The reuse and treatment of wastewater have become important concepts in the attempt to increase water availability to compensate for the demand for water in domestic and industrial activities. Several physiochemical and biological methods have been developed to treat contaminated water; however, treatment methods with maximum efficiency in the removal of all kinds of pollutants are still being developed. Novel water treatment technologies using bioactive sorbent reactors have been developed. Studies have focused on modeling and experimental measurements under laboratory and field conditions. The metal ions were copper(II), nickel(II), cadmium(II), manganese(II), zinc(II), ferric(III), lead(II) and chromium(III). First, the study was held at 27°C in the laboratory using waste water metal ions and different concentration ratios of ligand (L) and metal salts (M), defined as [2L: 1 M] and [2L: 5 M], respectively. The results revealed that the efficiency of heavy metal and bacterial removal was enhanced by increasing the concentration of the ligand relative to the metal salts. At a [2L:1 M] molar ratio of 27°C, the removal efficiency of heavy metals ranged from 10% − 22% after 30 min, increased to 13% − 46% after 60 min, and increased to 6.57%-33% after 30 min and increased to 15%-70% at 60 min. Additionally, the use of a bioactive sorbent system showed that. In the presence of 2.0 g/L for one hour, the COD decreased 96.8%, the TSS decreased 97.7%, the TDS decreased 90.6% and the BOD decreased 95.8% at 27°C, and the heavy metals decreased (75.0%-94.29%). However, after treatment with 2.0 g/L for three hours, the COD decreased 96.93%, the TSS decreased 98.13%, the TDS decreased 93.43% and the BOD decreased 97.17% at 27°C; after one hour, the heavy metal concentration decreased (80.95%-95.99%), and after three hours, the heavy metal concentration decreased (76.0%-94.0%), and the fecal coliform concentration decreased (99.9%). However, after using 4.0 g/L for one hour, the COD decreased 96.97%, the TSS decreased 95.2%, the TDS decreased 90.41%, and the BOD decreased 95.42% at 27°C. When 4.0 g/L was used for three hours, the COD decreased by 97.16%, the TSS decreased by 97.69%, the TDS decreased by 97.67%, and the BOD decreased by 96.95% at 27°C. After one hour, the heavy metal concentration decreased (75.0%-92.1%). However, after three hours, the metal concentration decreased (91.0%-97.0%), and the fecal coliform concentration decreased in both cases (99.9%).