Physicochemical Interaction of Microstructured Drumsticks withSynthetic Dye: The Tailoring of Surface Phenomenon in Technology

Abstract

Abstract The current study shows that drumstick powder (DSP) is a potential adsorbent to remove synthetic Congo Red (CR) from wastewater (WW) by a batch technique. CR as a textile waste harms the ecology and the water ecosystem, and it should be removed from WW. At various experimental conditions, various operating parameters such as initial concentration (IC) of dye (25–300 ppm), contact time (10–240 mins), pH (1–12) and adsorbent dosage (0.1-1.0 g/L) were investigated. The reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherms were examined. Maximum removal of dye has been found at pH 2. Dye concentration is an important factor, and it is inversely related to the percentage removal. 100 ppm was chosen as the IC for the optimization experiment. Increasing the amount of adsorbent dosage and contact time, there is a rise in the percentage removal of dye particles. The optimum adsorbent dosage was found 0.5 g/L and the contact time 90 mins. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) has been found to be 114.94 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism closely matched the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic models.