Hyperpyrexia and skin lesions caused by xylazine: a case report

Abstract

Abstract Background: Xylazine belongs to the 1,3-thiazide class and is structurally similar to phenothiazine (1,4-thiazide) and tricyclic antidepressants. Xylazine is pharmacologically similar to clonidine, and was initially used to treat hypertension; however, clinical studies discovered that it had serious inhibitory effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, so it was not approved for use. Xylazine is, however, used in veterinary medicine as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant. Related poisoning cases worldwide are rare. We, therefore, aimed to present a case of a patient who not only had severe depression symptoms of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, but also had high fever and was observed skin scars during the treatment of xylazine poisoning. Case presentation: We outline the course of the poisoning which led to death 4 days later, as well as our treatment. We also discuss the possible causes of death, including infection and illegal drug use. Conclusions: From this case of xylazine poisoning, in addition to causing skin lesions and dependence, xylazine may also cause hyperthermia, which has not been reported so far in humans. We suggest that the management of narcotic drugs for human use should be strengthened, along with the control of narcotic drugs for animals.