Abstract
Abstract
In this study we investigated serum angiogenic markers of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-treated patients with primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) from a phase II clinical trial. PPMS patients had higher levels of endothelin-1 (ETN-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), heparin binding epidermal-growth factor, and interleukin-8 compared to healthy controls. At 6 months, the angiogenic markers ETN-1, FGF-2, G-CSF, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A were significantly reduced; conversely, angiopoietin-2, endoglin, and leptin were increased. Angiogenic changes did not correlate with disability worsening, however changes were more profound in stable patients suggesting a possible treatment effect with HCQ.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
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