Relationship of Central Corneal Thickness and Central Corneal Epithelial Thickness with Anthropoemetric and Biochemical Data in Individuals with Impaired Glucose Metabolism

Abstract

Abstract Background Measure central corneal thickness (CCT) and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) with anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism and to analyze, the effect of impaired glucose metabolism on the cornea. Methods 140 eyes of 70 participants, including 20 healthy controls, 17 insulin resistant, and 33 prediabetic, were evaluated by AS-OCT. Glucose metabolism was examined using a 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Anthropoemetric measurements, physical examinations, and blood pressure were recorded of all participants. The biochemical parameters were studied. Results The mean age of the participants was 37.93±12.30 years, and the mean HbA1c was 5.50±0.38%. CCET measurements were significantly different and higher in the prediabetic group (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between both CCETR and CCETL and age, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose (p<0.05). There was found a significant positive correlation was found between CCETR and total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05). Anthropoemetric parameters were significantly different in prediabetics (p˂0.001 and p˂0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between body fat percentage and CCT (p˂0.05). CCET showed a significant positive correlation with neck circumference (p<0.05). Conclusions It may be suggested that impaired metabolic processes during prediabetes may affect CCET. We believe that prediabetes detection should not be limited to HbA1c and OGTT; A multifactorial algorithm could be developed. AS-OCT may be an easily accessible and useful tool for the early diagnosis of prediabetes.